Ezokuphepha
I-PET-yebanga lokudla isetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kokudla nesiphuzo ngenxa yokuphepha nokusimama kwayo okuqashelwayo. Ayikhiphi izinto eziyingozi futhi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zokuphepha kokudla, okunikeza abathengi ukuthula kwengqondo lapho bekusebenzisa. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-PET ingase ikhulule izinto ezithile eziyingozi, njenge-DEHP, emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa iziqukathi ze-PET, kubalulekile ukugwema{4}}izindawo zokushisa eziphezulu ukuze uvimbele ukukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi.
Ukudla-ibanga le-PP likhona yonke indawo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, njengeziqukathi zokugcina ukudla ezitolo ezinkulu kanye namabhokisi e-microwave{1}}aphephile asemini. Kungani idume kangaka? Okokuqala nje, le nto{3}ayinabo ubuthi, ayinaphunga, futhi ayinambitheki, okwenza iphephe kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu; ingafakwa ku-microwave ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngokungafani namanye amapulasitiki akhubaza noma akhiphe izinto eziyingozi lapho kushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inokuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali futhi ayiphenduli kalula nezinye izinto ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuvamile.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, impahla ye-PP ayidingi ukwengezwa kwanoma yiziphi izinto eziyingozi ezingahleliwe phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme, ngeke ibole ibe yi-bisphenol A, into yamakhemikhali eyingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-tableware noma iphakheji eyenziwe ngezinto ze-PP iphephe kakhudlwana futhi ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukugcina ukudla.
obala
Impahla ye-PET-yebanga yokudla inokucaca okuphezulu kakhulu, okukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukudla okungaphakathi shazi, nokubukeka kwakho nekhwalithi eboniswa ngokucacile. Ngakho-ke, ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa emaphaketheni adinga ukubonisa ukudla, njengamabhodlela eziphuzo esivame ukuwaphuza, nezimbiza zokudla ezigcina amabhisikidi namaswidi. Iningi lala maphakheji enziwe nge-PET. Kungani uyisebenzise? Ngoba amabhizinisi afuna ukukhombisa izici ezihamba phambili zemikhiqizo yawo kubathengi ukuze babahehe ukuthi bathenge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le phakheji ayibukeki ihlanzekile futhi icocekile kuphela, kodwa ingavikela nokudla ngezinga elithile, ikuvimbele ekutholeni umswakama noma ukukhubazeka, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kungafinyelela kubathengi kuphelele futhi kusesimweni esihle.
Ukudla-ibanga le-PP kunokucaca okuphansi, okuvamise ukuba sobala-kancane. Ngaphandle kokudlulisa ukukhanya okuphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubanzi-kunobubanzi. Thatha izitsha zeyogathi njengesibonelo. Okubalulekile kwe-PP-okungafihli lutho kuvumela abantu ukuthi babone kancane ukuthungwa kweyogathi, kuyilapho begcina umkhiqizo ungaqondakali. Enye into evamile yesuphamakethe ithreyi, namathileyi enyama amasha ayisibonelo esihle. Enziwe ngezinto ze-PP, lawa mathreyi ahlala isikhathi eside, ayasebenza, futhi ukuthungwa kwawo okuncane{9}okungafihli lutho kuwenza abukeke ehlanzekile futhi ehlanzekile. Ukusebenzisa i-PP yeziqukathi zokudla namathileyi akuhlangabezani nalezi zidingo kuphela kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla.
Ukumelana nokushisa
Ukumelana nokushisa kokudla-ibanga le-PET kuyisici esikhulu. Nakuba ikwazi ukumelana-nokushisa, ayikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Uma izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-70-80℃, indawo yokupakisha ye-PET izowohloka futhi ilahlekelwe isimo sayo sangempela. Ngakho-ke, ukudla{7}ibanga le-PET alizifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga{10}}ukuvalwa kwezinga lokushisa okuphezulu noma ukushisisa. Uma amanzi ashisayo efakwa emaphaketheni e-PET, azokhubaza kalula, okuholela emonakalweni wokupakisha noma enze iphakheji ingasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha izinto zokupakisha, izidingo zokushisa ngesikhathi sokucubungula ukudla kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokugcwele ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga ezibangelwa izinto zokupakisha ezingakwazi ukumelana nokushisa.
Ukudla-ibanga le-PP kunokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu, ngokuvamile kubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-110-no-120 degrees . Futhi iyona kuphela ipulasitiki engashiswa ngokuqondile kuhhavini we-microwave, okwenza isebenze ngokukhethekile. Uma ukudla kudinga ukufakwa inzalo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu noma kushisiswe ngaphambi kokufakwa, izinto zokupakisha ze-PP zilungile. Izitsha eziningi zokugcina ukudla, njengalezo esivame ukuzisebenzisa ukuze sibambe ukudla, kanye namabhokisi{6}okudla kwasemini alungele ukudliwa athengiswa ezitolo ezinkulu, enziwe ngezinto ze-PP. Kulula futhi kuphephile ukuyisebenzisela ukushisisa ukudla ku-microwave, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuthi iyancibilika noma ikhiphe izinto eziyingozi. Kulula kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
Ukumelana namakhemikhali
Ukudla-ibanga le-PET liyakwazi ukubekezelela ama-asidi nama-alkali futhi lingakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezine-asidi ne-alkali ekudleni kwansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, ngeke isebenze uma ihlangana nama-oxidizing agents aqinile noma izincibilikisi zemvelo. Isibonelo, ama-oxidizing agents aqinile afana ne-bleach nezibulala-magciwane, kanye nezincishisi zikapende, zingagqwala i-PET, iyenze ibe brittle, ikhubazekile, noma iphuke. Ngakho-ke, lapho upakisha ukudla, kungcono ukugweme ukukuyeka kuhlangane nalezi zinto ukuze uqinisekise ubuqotho bokupakishwa nokuphepha kokudla.
Ukudla-ibanga le-PP linokuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali futhi akusebenzi kumakhemikhali amaningi ngaphandle kwama-oxidizing agents aqinile. Le nto idumile emkhakheni wokudla nezimboni. Ezitsheni zokugcina ukudla kanye namabhokisi e-microwave{3}}aphephile esidlo sasemini, impahla ye-PP ifaneleka kakhulu ngoba ivimbela ukudla ukuthi kugqwelwe amakhemikhali. Kokunye ukupakishwa kwamakhemikhali embonini, uma i-asidi noma i-alkalinity ingaqini kakhulu, okubalulekile kwe-PP nakho kungamelana nakho. Ngisho nezimonyo kanye nokupakishwa kwemikhiqizo yokuhlanza kungazuza ku-PP, kuvimbele ukusabela phakathi kwamakhemikhali angaphakathi nezinto zokupakisha, kuqinisekise ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngamafuphi, inqobo nje uma ingahlangani nama-oxidizing agents aqinile, impahla ye-PP iyisinqumo esihle sokupakishwa esimelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali.
Icubungula ukusebenza
Ukudla-ibanga le-PET kunzima ukukucubungula. Kudingeka yomiswe kahle ngaphambi kokuba ibunjwe. Uma kungomile ngokuphelele, amaphutha angavela kalula ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, okufana namabhamuza noma ukungcola endaweni yomkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PET inzima uma kuqhathaniswa ukuyicubungula, futhi izidingo zemishini nezinqubo phakathi nokukhiqizwa ziqine kakhulu. Lokhu kuholela ngqo ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza eziphakeme kunezinye izinto zepulasitiki. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo ye-PET imvamisa ibiza kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, isasetshenziswa kakhulu ekupakishweni njengamabhodlela eziphuzo neziqukathi zokugcina ukudla, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle, ukukhanya okuphezulu, ikhono lokubonisa ukudla ngokucacile, kanye nekhono lokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla.
Ukudla-ibanga le-PP linokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokucubungula, ukuzijwayeza kalula kumasu ahlukahlukene okucubungula ayinkimbinkimbi, njengokubumba umjovo, ukukhiphela, nokubumba i-blow. Ekukhiqizeni, i-PP ayidingi izinga elifanayo lemishini nezinqubo njengamapulasitiki athile, futhi ukubumba kulula. Ngakho-ke, izindleko zayo zokukhiqiza ziphansi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukudla{4}}ibanga le-PP lidume kakhulu embonini yokupakisha; izinto eziningi zansuku zonke njengeziqukathi zokugcina ukudla nezinkomishi ze-yogurt zenziwe nge-PP. Ngezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nekhwalithi enhle, ingahlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe, ngakho-ke akumangalisi ukuthi inendawo embonini yokupakisha ukudla.
Izimo Ezisebenzayo
I-PET-yebanga lokudla ifaneleka kakhulu ukupakishwa okudinga ukukhombisa ukubukeka kokudla kodwa okungadingi amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ukuba sobala kwayo okuphezulu kuvumela umbono ocacile wokubukeka nekhwalithi yokudla, okuyenza ilungele ukupakishwa njengamabhodlela eziphuzo nezimbiza zokudla ezisobala lapho abathengi bedinga ukubona okuqukethwe ngokuqondile. Nokho, ukusebenza kwayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu akulungile; indawo ngokuvamile yonakala ku-70-80℃, okuyenza ingafaneleki iziphuzo ezishisayo nokudla. I-PET ayifanele uma ukuvalwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma ukushisisa kuyadingeka.
Ukudla-ibanga le-PP kuyinto ewusizo kakhulu, efaneleke kakhulu ukupakishwa edinga ukumelana nokuguguleka kwamakhemikhali futhi isetshenziselwa ukudla okuqandisiwe. Isibonelo, amabhokisi okudla amaningi, amathreyi, neziqukathi eziphephile ze-microwave{2}}esivame ukuzibona zenziwe ngezinto ze-PP. I-PP inokuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali; ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali amaningi ngaphandle kwama-oxidizer aqinile, okuyenza iphephe ngokukhethekile ukugcina ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PP imelana namazinga okushisa aphansi, ngakho ukudla okuqandisiwe kungagcinwa ngaphandle kokukhishwa, ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezingase zibe brittle noma ziwohloke. Ukushisa, iziqukathi ze-PP zingabekwa ngqo ku-microwave, zinikeze lula nesivinini.
Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo
Nakuba i-PET-yebanga lokudla iziqhayisa ngokusebenza kwemvelo okuhle kakhulu, ezinye izithasiselo, njengama-catalyst nama-antioxidants, zingase zengezwe ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa. Lezi zengezo zingafuduka futhi ziphume ngesikhathi{2}}zokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukuphepha kokudla. Isibonelo, ama-catalysts asetshenziswe ku-PET polycondensation reaction (njenge-antimony trioxide) kanye nemikhiqizo yokusabela (njenge-acetaldehyde) inobuthi, ebeka ingozi yokudluliswa kobuthi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha i-PET njengento yokupakisha ukudla, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile inani lezithasiselo ezisetshenziswayo kanye nemikhawulo yokufuduka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana namazinga okuphepha kokudla.
Ukudla-ibanga le-PP lisebenza kahle kakhulu endaweni ezungezile futhi akukhiphi amagesi ayingozi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ngakho kunomthelela omncane kakhulu empilweni yomuntu. Kuyinto yepulasitiki ephephile, futhi ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukupakishwa kokudla. Isibonelo, izitsha eziningi zokugcina ukudla namabhokisi e-microwave{3}}aphephile esidlo sasemini esivame ukuwasebenzisa enziwe ngezinto ze-PP. Lapho ukusebenzisela ukugcina ukudla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukufrijiza noma ukufudumeza, akudingekile ukuba ukhathazeke ngokuthi ikhipha izinto eziyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impahla ye-PP kulula ukuyilahla ngemva kokulahlwa, futhi ayibeki umthwalo osindayo emvelweni njengamanye amapulasitiki. Ngakho-ke, i-PP isetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kokudla kanye nezidingo zansuku zonke, futhi abantu bazizwa beqiniseka kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwayo.
isiphetho
Uma ufuna ukukhombisa ukubukeka nekhwalithi yokudla kuyilapho umelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukudla-ibanga le-PET kungase kungafaneleki, njengoba i-PET ithanda ukuwohloka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Kunconywa ukukhetha ezinye izinto ezilungele kangcono-izindawo zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, i-PET inokucaca okuphezulu, okuholela kukhwalithi yokubonisa enhle kakhulu.
Uma udinga ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali kanye nokupakisha ukudla okuqandisiwe, ukudla-ibanga le-PP kuyisinqumo esihle. I-PP inokusimama okuhle kwamakhemikhali,{2}}ikwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukushisisa i-microwave, okuyenza isebenze kakhulu.
Ukudla-ibanga le-PET ne-PP ngayinye inezici zayo: I-PET inokukhanyela okuphezulu kodwa ukumelana nokushisa okulinganiselwe; I-PP inokumelana nokushisa okuhle nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, kodwa ukukhanya okuphansi kancane. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kufanele kusekelwe esimweni esithile sohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezidingo zokukhetha izinto ezifanele kakhulu.
